• Temporal dynamics shape how visual information is stored, scanned, and forgotten, highlighting brief VIS traces, rapid letter-by-letter sampling, and masking effects that constrain recall across tasks. Evidence from visual memory modeling, short-term storage properties, and masking studies shows how duration, rate, and task demand shape persistence of input. [1] [18] [7] [8] [4].

• Depth and three-dimensional perception emerge from dynamic cues: the kinetic depth effect, the rotating trapezoidal window, and distance-position cues enabling structure-from-motion and depth organization from two-dimensional retinal input. [15] [10] [14]

• Early visual cognition in infants shows habituation and novelty-directed attention, revealing the foundations of perceptual organization and discrimination through patterned exposure and preference for novel stimuli. [17] [5] [16]

• Neural substrates support visual discrimination and orientation selectivity; lesion studies map temporal-lobe contributions, revealing ventral vs. lateral and hippocampal roles, and orientation-selective neurons in human vision. [20] [11] [6]

• Spatial contiguity and cue-reward relationships strongly shape discrimination learning, highlighting how the geometry of cueing and reward arrangement guides perceptual learning and response strategy. [3] [9]